BASIC INFORMATIONS
- AUTISM
What is Autism?
The National Autistic Society, UK defines Autism as "A lifelong developmental disability that affects the way a person communicates and relates to people around them. Children and adults with autism have difficulties with everyday social interaction. Their ability to develop friendships is generally limited as is their capacity to understand other people's emotional expression."
- ADHD
What is ADHD?
Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have problems with attention, controlling their impulses, trouble completing tasks and may be hyperactive. They often have other problems, such as learning difficulties, making friends, oppositional behavior, anxiety and ill-health that may need to be looked into. It is hard for these children to control their behavior and/or pay attention. ADHD symptoms can be caused by a number of other problems, including learning difficulties, social issues, ill-health and other mental health issues.
- ASPERGER
ASPERGER'S SYNDROME
Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a neurobiological condition and a developmental disorder where the individual's brain is wired differently. This affects social communication, social interaction, social-emotional regulation, imagination and sensory motor and sensory processing issues. Asperger Syndrome is considered to be part of the Autism Spectrum Disorders.
- LEARNING DISABILITY
The term learning disability (LD) is used to refer to a range of neurological conditions that affect one or more of the ways that a person takes in, stores, or uses information. Learning disabilities are specific, not global, impairments. For example, a person could have a learning problem which inhibits her ability to understand written information though the same information, delivered orally, might present no problem.
- SPEECH THERAPY
What is speech therapy?
Speech therapy is the corrective or rehabilitative treatment of physical and/or cognitive deficits/disorders resulting in difficulty with verbal communication. This includes both speech (articulation, intonation, rate, intensity) and language(phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, both receptive and expressive language, including reading and writing). Depending on the nature and severity of the disorder, common treatments may range from physical strengthening exercises, instructive or repetitive practice and drilling, to the use of audio-visual aids.
- OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
What is occupational therapy?
Occupational Therapy is the assessment and treatment of physical and psychiatric conditions using specific, purposeful activity to prevent disability and promote independent function in all aspects of daily life.
- SPECIAL EDUCATION
What is special education?
Special Education is that component of education which employs special instructional methodology (Remedial Instruction), instructional materials, learning-teaching aids and equipment to meet educational needs of children with specific learning disabilities. Remedial instruction or Remediation aims at improving a skill or ability in a student. Techniques for remedial instruction may include providing more practice or more explanation, repeating information, and devoting more time to working on the skill. For example, a student having a low reading level could be given remediation via one-on-one reading instruction, phonic instruction, or practice in reading aloud.
- DYSPRAXIA
DYSPRAXIA
"Dyspraxia is an impairment or immaturity of the organization of movement. Associated with this there may be problems of language, perception and thought." ( Dyspraxia Foundation , UK )
'Developmental Dyspraxia' or 'Developmental Co-ordination Disorder' is used to describe youngsters who have co-ordination difficulties and who also show significant perceptual problems.
Children with Dyspraxia may be able children with bright enquiring minds. However, listening to instructions and remembering them is very difficult, so children with dyspraxia may require a high level of verbal feedback to help with retaining the information. Dyspraxia can also affect language and speech development, as manipulation of the mouth requires fine motor coordination. As a child develops, language becomes increasingly more complex and the rapid sequencing of the tongue and jaw must also be coordinated with breathing. Dyspraxia compromises language skills, which in turn impacts on academic, social and emotional development. This often, but not always, occurs alongside general motor difficulties.
- PSYCHOLOGY
Who is a psychologist?
Psychologists study the human mind and human behavior. Psychologists investigate the physical, cognitive, emotional, or social aspects of human behavior. Clinical psychologists often interview patients and give diagnostic tests. They may provide individual, family, or group psychotherapy and may design and implement behavior modification programs.
- LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT
Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is diagnosed in children who exhibit significant language deficits despite adequate educational opportunity and normal non-verbal intelligence. Children with SLI lag behind their peers in language production and language comprehension, which contributes to later learning and reading disabilities in school. These children have a deficit in processing brief and/or rapidly- changing auditory information, and/or in remembering the temporal order of auditory information. Some children with SLI have difficulty reporting the order of two sounds when these sounds are brief in duration and presented rapidly while some children have poor short-term memory for speech sounds.